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| Iovinianus imperator
regnavit potens valde. Qui cum olim in lecto suo iaceret, elevatum est
cor eius ultra quam credi potest, et dicebat in corde suo: "Estne
alter Deus quam sum ego?" His cogitatis, dormivit. Mane vero
surrexit, vocavit milites suos ac ceteros et ait: "Carissimi, bonum
est cibum sumere, quia hodie ad venandum volo pergere." Illi vero
parati erant eius voluntatem implere. Cibo sumpto ad venandum
perrexerunt. Dum vero imperator equitat, calor intolerabilis arripuit
eum, ita ut videretur sibi moriturus esse nisi in aqua frigida posset
balneari. Respexit, procul vidit aquam latam. Dixit militibus suis:
"Hic remanete dum ad vos veniam." Percussit equum calcaribus
et ad aquam festinanter equitavit. De equo descendit, omnia vestimenta
deposuit, aquam intravit et tamdiu ibidem remansit, dum ex toto
refrigeratus esset.
Dum vero ibidem exspectat, venit quidam ei omnibus similis, et vultu et gestu, et induit se vestimentis eius, equum eius ascendit et ad milites equitavit. Ab omnibus sicut persona imperatoris est receptus, quia nullam suspicionem de eo habebant, nisi quod dominus suus esset, quia omnibus ei similis erat. Ludebant; finito ludo, ad palatium cum militibus equitabat. |
regnavit: reigned / valde: very / qui cum olim: once when he / lecto: bed / iaceret (imperfect subjunctive): was lying / ultra quam: beyond what / credi : (present passive infinitive) / quam: as / his cogitatis: (ablative absolute) having thought this / dormivit: he slept / mane: in the morning / vero: now; but / surrexit: he arose / ac ceteros: and others / ait: said / carissimi: beloved / ad venandum: (gerund) hunting / volo: I want / illi: they / parati: ready / voluntatem: will / implere: to fulfill / cibo sumpto (past partic. of sumo): ablative absolute / dum: while / equitat (pres. tense with dum): was riding / calor: heat / arripuit: seized / ita ut videretur sibi: so that it seemed to him / moriturus esse: (future active infinitive of morior) / nisi: unless / posset (imperfect subjunctive of possum): was able / balneari: to bathe / respexit: he looked back / procul: at a distance / percussit: struck hard / calcaribus: with his spurs / festinanter: hastily / deposuit: took off / tamdiu: so long / ibidem: there / ex toto: entirely / refrigeratus esset: had cooled off / quidam: someone / omnibus: (ablative of respect) / et vultu et gestu: both in looks and in posture / induit se: dressed himself / nisi quod: save that / ludo finito: (abl. absolute) when the game was finished |
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Both suus, sua, suum and eius mean "his" (or "her"); the difference is that the former is reflexive, i.e., the "his" refers to the subject of the sentence, whereas eius is not reflexive and refers to someone other than the subject of the sentence. Memorize the following forms of is, ea, id (he, she, it, they; this, that, these, those):
In addition to eius, the masculine singular forms in bold type occur often in this story and mean "him." |
Memorize the
forms of ille, illa, illud
(that; those; he, she it, they):
Ille (he) and illi (they) occur often in this tale. |
| In the verb phrase refrigeratus esset, the imperfect subjunctive of the helping verb sum is used with the past participle to form the pluperfect passive subjunctive. We have already met three other imperfect subjunctive forms in the first few lines of this story: iaceret (from iaceo, iacere), videretur (from video, videre), and posset (from possum, posse). Note that all imperfect subjunctives are formed by adding the personal endings to the present active infinitive (i.e., to the second principal part) . Subjunctive forms are used in ut-clauses of purpose and result, in cum-circumstantial, cum-causal, and cum-concessive clauses, and in indirect questions. When the main verb is in any past tense, the imperfect subjunctive is used to express time contempory with or subsequent to the main verb, while the pluperfect subjunctive expresses prior time. |
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