In general, one can make a sentence in the active voice passive only if it has a direct object; in fact, it is the direct object of the active sentence that becomes the subject of an equivalent sentence in the passive voice. Surprisingly, the English language allows also the indirect object to be used as the subject of a passive sentence. Consider these two sentences: "For graduation her parents will give her a computer" (active) and "For graduation she will be given a computer by her parents" (passive equivalent). Notice that her, the indirect object in the active sentence, has become the subject she of the passive sentence. The question is this: What is the function of computer in the passive sentence? The direct object of the active sentence is retained in the passive equivalent and is called a retained object.
As you already know, the principal coordinating conjunctions are and, but, or, nor; the correlatives are both . . . and, either . . . or, and neither . . . nor. In the sentence "Hansel and Gretel marked the trail through the forest," the coordinating conjunction and connects the words Hansel and Gretel, producting a compound subject. The same coordinating conjunction joins two verbs in the sentence The children laughed and played. (compound verb). The stepmother’s command, "Hansel and Gretel, wait here until your father and I return," begins with a compound vocative. Here are some additional examples of nouns connected by coordinating conjunctions: "In which song is America called the land of the free and the home of the brave?" (compound predicate nominative), "They have a mountain of money but a thimbleful of time" (compound direct object), "Would you call a tadpole a fish or a reptile?" (compound objective complement), "She likes to ride the roller coaster with either her parents or her grandparents" (compound object of preposition), "The meet director gave both the winner and the runner-up a large trophy" (compound indirect object). Here are some sentences with other kinds of compound words: "The project manager was excited but too exhausted to think straight" (compound predicate adjective), "The students were urged to express their ideas clearly and concisely" (compound adverb), "Ours is a government by and for the people" (compound preposition). And a compound prepositional phrase: He could live neither with her nor without her.
As you make your way through these flashcards, you may wish to refer to a section of my website that deals with terminology, www.german-latin-english.com/diagrammingterms.htm.
* The same sentence, expressed actively, would be something like this: "People gave Jerry, Kerry, and Perry, cute and affable triplets, too many toys and games for their birthday and for Christmas."
ERM